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Several clinical trials have demonstrated the role of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) in tissue repair and regeneration. It is the major G‐actin‐sequestering molecule in mammalian cells. Tβ4 has multiple biological activities, which include down-regulating inflammatory factors, promoting cell migration, blood vessel formation, cell survival, and stem cell maturation. All of these activities contribute to the multiple wound healing properties that have been observed in animal studies.

WHAT IS THYMOSIN BETA 4

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is an oligopeptide that has 43 amino acids and a molecular weight of 4.9 kDa. It is distributed ubiquitously in most tissues, however, not in red blood cells.

Tβ4 has been shown to inhibit inflammation, microbial growth, scar formation, and apoptosis. Exogenous Tβ4 accelerates the tissue repair of damaged cardiac, corneal, and dermal tissues, which demonstrates its potential in wound healing.

THE POTENTIAL OF THYMOSIN BETA 4 IN TISSUE REGENERATION

Current research in animal test subjects, suggests Tβ4 may influence several factors involved in tissue repair and regeneration. Below are some examples.

In healing wounds

In a study involving rats, Tβ4 showed the potential to heal wounds. Tβ4 was applied to the wound using a topical or intraperitoneal preparation. It re-epithelialized tissues by 42% over saline controls on the 4th-day of the experiment. And by 61% on the 7th-day post-wounding. Increased collagen deposition and angiogenesis were observed in the treated wounds. These results suggest that Tβ4 is a potent wound healing factor.

In clinical eye studies

In various animal models, Tβ4 repaired ocular injuries effectively. Also, injuries involving heptanol debridement, alkali, ethanol exposure, second-hand cigarette smoke exposure, and ultraviolet light. In all cases of improved healing, Tβ4-induced cell migration was responsible for repair to the damaged area. The injured eyes healed rapidly, and the increase in migration with Tβ4 was impressive.

In oral wounds

In this study, Tβ4 was applied to excisional wounds in rats. The wounds measured 3 mm in diameter, located in the center of the palate. Images of the wound areas were captured and assessed histologically one week after surgery. The wound closure was significantly enhanced in rats that were treated with Tβ4.

Generally, wound healing in the oral cavity is known to occur more quickly and scar less than dermal tissue, which may be due to the elements in saliva and the unique phenotype of oral fibroblasts. Despite the relatively rapid wound healing, however, tissues damaged during periodontal and implant surgery are continuously challenged by a bacterial infection in the oral cavity, necessitating meticulous maintenance of oral hygiene and additional plaque control. Therefore, Tβ4, which is known to enhance the regeneration of different types of tissue, is also expected to accelerate mucosal wound healing. In a previous study, Tβ4 was documented to be a natural component of saliva. The concentrations in human saliva ranged from 0.2 to 3.6 μg/ml, varying with age and stage of the disease.

CONCLUSION

More research about the therapeutic potential of Tβ4 could lead to a better understanding of the peptide. Tβ4 may also be active for repair and regeneration in other tissues such as the heart, brain, peripheral nervous system, and spinal cord.

The information about Tβ4 receptors is limited and needs further studies.

WHERE TO BUY THYMOSIN BETA 4

You can purchase Tβ4 from Loti Labs. Buy peptides which are USA-made for the integrity of your research. It is tested through HPLC and Mass spectrometry to ensure quality.

References:

Allan L Goldstein, Ewald Hannappel, Gabriel Sosne & Hynda K Kleinman (2012) Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications, Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 12:1, 37-51, DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.634793

Gabriel Sosne, Hynda K. Kleinman; Primary Mechanisms of Thymosin β4 Repair Activity in Dry Eye Disorders and Other Tissue Injuries. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2015;56(9):5110-5117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-16890.

Zhu, T., Park, H.C., Son, K.M., Kwon, J.H., Park, J., & Yang, H. (2014). Effects of thymosin β4 on wound healing of rat palatal mucosa. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 34, 816-821. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2014.1832

Malinda KM, Sidhu GS, Mani H, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(3):364–368. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00708.x

Crockford D, Turjman N, Allan C, Angel J. Thymosin beta4: structure, function, and biological properties supporting current and future clinical applications. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1194:179–189. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05492.x